At the foot of Longquan Hill, about 17 kilometers (10 miles) north of
the center of Kunming, there is a beautiful place called the Black
Dragon Pool (Heilongtan), also known as the Dragon Fountain Temple
(Longquanguan). In fact, there are many attractions in this area, and
the Black Dragon Pool is only one of them.
Legend of Black Dragon Pool
An
ancient legend lends the Black Dragon Pool its name; it is said that a
long time ago there were ten wicked dragons that caused much destruction
and did great harm to people. One day, one of the Eight Immortals of
the Chinese legend 'Lu Dongbin' subdued nine of the dragons and jailed
them in a tower. Only the youngest black dragon was left, charging with
protecting and benefiting the people as the price of its freedom. This
dragon is believed living in the pool till today. The pool is divided
into two parts by a bridge, and although the water is connected, the two
sides are different colors and the fish in either side never swim to
the opposite part of the pool. Moreover, for hundreds of years, this
wondrous pool has never dried up, even in drought years.
Black Gragon Palace
Near
the Black Dragon Pool is the Black Dragon Palace, which was built in
1394, in the reign of Emperor Hongwu of the Ming Dynasty (1368 -
1644), and rebuilt in 1454, in the reign of Emperor Jingtai of the Ming
Dynasty. The whole palace consists of three halls and two courtyards,
and the main hall features a stone plaque written by the governor of
Yunnan in the Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1911) to praise the views here. The
Black Dragon Palace is also called the Lower Temple, because when you
walk along the stone steps, you come directly to the Upper Temple - the
Dragon Fountain Temple - which is hidden among ancient trees. This
570-year-old temple includes Thunder Deity Hall, North Pole Hall,
Sanqing Hall, Jade Emperor Hall and some other halls in which the
deities of Taoism are worshiped. The Dragon Fountain Temple is the
largest Taoist temple in southern China.
Three Ancient Trees
In
front of the temple there are three huge and ancient trees: the Tang
Dynastic Plum, the Song Dynastic Cypress and the Ming Dynastic Camellia.
The main branch of the plum has already died of old age, but the
remaining branches growing out sideways are still full of vital force
and vigor. The 25-meter-high (82 feet) cypress has a very thick trunk -
so thick that it takes four or five adults with linked arms to encircle
it. The camellia is a prodigious tree which blossoms every year and
always precedes the other camellias.
Pavilion of Stele
The
Pavilion of Stele keeps many rare steles, tablets and plaques. The most
famous is a tablet engraved with four Chinese characters - 'Wan Wu Zi
Sheng' - which means that all things in the world are propagating and
developing, flourishing and animated. The inscription was written by a
famous Taoist of the Ming Dynasty named Liu Yuanran whose handwriting is
vigorous and lively. The four characters are written in one continuous
stroke and look convex but feel concave to the touch, owing to the
unusual way they reflect light.
Tombs of Local Patriots
The
Ming Dynasty was overthrown by the Qing Dynasty in Chinese history, and
the potentates of the Qing were all from a minority ethnic group called
'Manchu'. When the Manchu marched into the Chinese mainland and became
the rulers, many people killed themselves to show their loyalty to the
Ming Dynasty, including a scholar named Xue Erwang and his whole family.
They drowned themselves, and the tomb of these loyalists is located
beside the Black Dragon Pool.
Dragon Fountain Plum Garden
In addition to these sites, there is a very large plum garden, Dragon Fountain Plum Garden, which occupies an area of over 28 hectares (69 acres). More than 6,000 plums representing about 87 varieties create an ocean of flowers at each end of the year.